The newest OLS rates towards the subsample come into range into full test estimates presented in Desk 2
The newest OLS rates towards the subsample come into range into full test estimates presented in Desk 2
We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher Malaysia kvinner dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Table 4 Connection between dowry/bride-to-be price (repaid of the in-laws of sisters, someone else on town and you will society) and you can wife’s reputation throughout the relationship family (OLS)
cuatro.step 3 Dialogue and you may robustness inspections
Within the deciding this new women’s standing about marital family, the outcome of your net dowry (dowry without fiance rate) can get matter. Remember that the amount of deferred mehr is included separately out-of the net dowry because the former is not paid off until separation and divorce happen and should not meet the requirements possessions introduced to the marriage. The outcomes advise that the new possessions produced for the ount) promote their unique decision-while making stamina and flexibility. These positive associations commonly surprising as the the latest connectivity out of bride rates reduced at the time of marriage focus on prevent to help you the ones from dowry in the main estimations.
Perhaps, a greater decades otherwise knowledge improvement might deteriorate the latest wife’s standing about relationship house. And years huge difference along with studies variation (substitution the brand new partner’s decades and you may degree) will not change the main consequences, in addition to coefficients ones details are not tall (Appendix Table nine, Panel B).
The new estimate process try constant of the replacing dowry and you can fiance speed with internet dowry (Appendix Table 9, Committee A beneficial)
That you’ll argue that the amount of age once the relationships was important because the end result regarding dowry (or bride to be price) would be greater after marriage. And ages as ount out of dowry (substitution female’s age from the marriage) magnifies the beds base effect of dowry inside the ladies’ liberty however, decrease its magnitude while the importance peak when you look at the women’s decision-making (Appendix Table nine, Committee C). Meaning one to a bigger dowry advances the wife’s liberty for the new marital household shortly after matrimony; not, the latest connection is not notably affected by the brand new passing of many years because marriage.
Zero measure of gender ideology is included in the primary estimate on account of endogeneity questions. You to you will argue that inclusion of such procedures will get undermine the brand new association ranging from dowry and you may ladies’ reputation on relationship home. Although we dont reject the possibility that choices and you can ideological opinions regarding gender affairs are not intrinsic and alter over the marital existence, new estimate process is actually repeated by in addition to a couple actions to possess son preference: the original varying equals one when the wife’s best quantity of sons was more than compared to daughters as well as the next equals you to definitely if partner desires to render advanced schooling in order to sons in place of so you can daughters. Managing having gender ideology will not significantly affect the head quote results (Appendix Desk 9, Panel D). Interestingly, women’s decision-making is certainly associated with child preference. Yet not, it’s negatively of liking to possess bringing higher education to sons than daughters. A prospective interpretation is that very knowledgeable feminine are against gender inequality in the degree and become more empowered on the relationship domestic but prefer with even more sons than just daughters. Which appears consistent with certain current education showing one to young man liking is much more common among very experienced feminine in lieu of ignorant feminine inside the South China (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you can Preston 1991).